Dear Fellow Members, Greetings!

I trust that all of you had happy holidays; I know that I certainly did. In fact, given half a chance, I should be willing to recommence them immediately, so much did I enjoy them. Unfortunately, the days in question come around but once a year, and so I must content myself with waiting, something which, by the way, I do not do very well. Once again I guess, it is a matter of "grin and bear it".
        Speaking about `grinning and bearing it', we must alas all of us, do some of that respecting the now demolished Fuller Covered Bridge in Montgomery, Vermont.
        As you will probably all remember, in the Fall President's Message I was discussing Covered-Bridge preservation here in Vermont, and was deploring one of the latest developments in this State; namely, preservation through demolition. You will all doubtless recall too the publicity slogan I suggested for the Vermont Agency of Transportation; "Demolish today, so that future generations can enjoy the treasures of the past".
        (Parenthetically, word has yet to reach me as to whatever that Agency shall adopt my motto. In this particular case, however, please don't ask me why, I seriously doubt silence gives anything like consent. What do you think?!)
        My point in that missive, and none of you I'm sure was misled by my heavy irony, was that one cannot be said to have saved when one has in fact removed and destroyed, particularly if; as is my contention in the case of the Fuller Covered Bridge, total removal of the span in question was absolutely not required.
        Before addressing my contention that some, at least, of the Fuller Covered Bridge could have been truly preserved, not removed and thus lost both to us and to future generations, it would be well, I think, to say a few words about Covered-Bridge Replicas.
        Covered-Bridge Replicas have in my opinion an important role to play in the Covered-Bridge Preservation Movement, but not, of course, as substitutes for the older spans which, had they but been properly restored, could have continued to serve for many years to come, perhaps for many centuries.
        A properly executed replica, and here of course, with all due apologies to the English Language, I mean a more or less exact one, ought to be the invariable response of an outraged public to any act of arson perpetrated against a Covered Wooden Bridge, an act of arson that is, where, as a result of it, the bridge in question has been lost.
        (Once again parenthetically, some, but not many, at least not of the survivors, Covered Wooden Bridges were built with trusses which contained serious design errors and/or other insufficiencies. A famous example which comes readily to mind is the Cornish Windsor Covered Bridge between Cornish, New Hampshire, and Windsor, Vermont. Under dead load alone, that is to say with no traffic going over it, with not so much as a single squirrel running through it on his way back and forth from Cornish to Windsor, with no snow on the roof; and of course with no wind blowing, this structure was still over stressed in the upper chords over the central pier by a factor of about 2.5 to 1.)
        (Fortunately, of the many surviving nineteenth and earlier twentieth century Covered Bridges, only a few have structural problems of the sort which have been outlined above.)
        (Should a span with inherent design flaws fall victim to fire or flood, however, and should the decision have been made, in face of such a loss, to replicate the ancient structure, then it would be well to consider addressing the design flaws in question during the course of that span's replication. Sometimes the introduction of just slightly larger timbers in crucial areas will be sufficient to turn the matter around; other times, a slightly higher truss plus beefed up timbers might be required.)
         (The important point to be remembered here is that in principal, we have been discussing, and advocating, replicas, which term, strictly speaking, means reproducing a second time around, an exact copy of some object, structure, painting or the like.)
        (If in order to eliminate structural insufficiencies from the truss one is attempting to reproduce, it were necessary to redesign that truss radically, then of course one could no longer say one was replicating the original structure. One would in fact be erecting a new one, whatever one might my one was doing.)
        (To sum up, as a practical matter, and in order, faced with some kind of disaster, to retrieve at least partially a span which otherwise should be lost to us forever, minor changes to the design and even disposition of a Covered-Bridge Truss ought to be tolerated in a well made replica of said truss.)
        (Radical changes, however, are another matter, as has already been indicated above.)
        (If in order for a Covered-Bridge Truss to be stable, and consequently free from the need for more or less constant repair, a significant redesign of the truss in question were to prove necessary, then the introduction of a secondary load-bearing structure, nail-laminated plank arch, arch brace, or inferior brace, built up in a traditional manner, is the proper solution.)
        (It should be noted that correctly designed secondary load-bearing structures could always be removed, were one for the some reason to want to do so. Once removed of course, the trusses of the span from which they had been withdrawn would still be "exact replicas" of those of the lost bridge, and consequently, would bear truthful witness to the techniques, materials, and structural notions of the builders of the original span.)
        (In light of the above discussion, it ought to be abundantly clear to anyone with the wit to understand 1,2,3, that when the Cornish Windsor Covered Bridge was most recently repaired -- its fifth major renovation by the way, the first one having been carried out by James F. Tasker, himself! - a wrong direction was taken: rather than building up two great pairs of nail-laminated plank arches, as was proposed by Milton S. Graton at the time, the Trusses themselves were invaded - about a third of them was simply removed and burned in a nearby field! -and redesigned. The present Cornish Windsor Covered Bridge is therefore not the fourth span to have to have occupied the site, but rather the fifth. It is a new bridge which just happens to contain many remnants of its immediate predecessor, the span built by James Tasker. Tasker's bridge has alas gone a glimmering, as indeed have so many other beautiful things which the collectivity either lacked the wit to understand, or the will to preserve.)
        Replicas of long gone Covered Bridges also have their place.
        The difficulty in reproducing long gone structures, however, and not just bridges, is obvious: it is one of information.
        In respect to bridges, what was the span to be reproduced really like? What kind of trusses did it contain? How high were they, and out of what materials were they made? What was the disposition of the upper and lower lateral bracing systems? Did the span in question actually have a lower lateral bracing system - many of them did not - and so on and so forth. Often there are photographs; far less frequently there are drawings, but even given the existence of both of these, for long removed Covered Bridges there will probably always be certain details which shall have to be invented or imagined. Yet despite the fact that in any given instance, a Covered Bridge replica may prove to be partially inaccurate, nevertheless, it is only through attempting to recreate something which has gone missing from our lives, so to speak, that we can hope to retrieve a part of the past which would otherwise be lost forever.
        And besides, a well executed Covered Bridge replica, one framed by a Master Bridgewright that is, even if inaccurate in some of its detail, will still be a positive addition to any landscape!
        Finally, there is an additional kind of Covered Bridge "replica" which most definitely has legitimacy, though I admit that I am stretching the meaning of the word "replica" a bit here; that is to say, new Covered Bridges at perhaps even new locations which hold themselves up by means of any one of the traditional Covered Bridge trusses, trusses of course which employ traditional materials -- no "glue-lam", no plastic, thank you very much! -- and which have been built up in the traditional manner.
        Such "replicas" can have several purposes: 1) They can be part of a kind of museum wherein one might find all sorts of other structures illustrating various construction techniques and architectural styles from different periods. As such, both they and of course the other recreated structures, would be marvelous teaching devices; 2) They can hold themselves up by means of traditional nineteenth century Covered Bridge trusses, but traditional nineteenth century Covered-Bridge trusses of which there are no longer any surviving examples. As such, they would provide all of us with an opportunity to see how these truss types looked in three dimensions and life size, so to speak. Two extremely important truss types which just cry out for replication come readily to mind: The Haupt truss, of which there is now only one remaining example, as far as we know, and the example in question does not contain arch braces, which devices, for spans of any length and designed to carry heavy loads, were supposed to be made use of at least according to General Haupt, and any one of the several Squire Whipple WOODEN bridge trusses mentioned by him in his pioneering 1847 work on bridge construction and structural analysis; and 3) they can be erected by communities which have decided, for whatever reason, that they should like to have a Covered Wooden Bridge in their midst.
        At the beginning of the present discussion concerning replica Covered Bridges I stated that these structures had an important role to play in the Covered Bridge Preservation Movement.
        One aspect of their importance has yet to be touched upon.
        It is that the building of these structures sometimes constitutes, and indeed could constitute in every instance, if only matters were arranged properly, a significant training ground for our contemporary would-be Covered Wooden Bridgewrights.
        All too often is it the case that repairs to our historic Covered Bridges are carried out in a deplorable fashion, more often than not by general contractors who have little knowledge of and very little interest in the techniques and materials of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
        Someone who has built a replica of an original Covered Wooden Bridge, however, will have an entirely different perspective on the subject. Such an individual, especially should he have been lucky enough to have had some expert guidance during the course of his Covered-Bridge building apprenticeship, will be much more likely to treat historic Covered Bridges with sensitivity, and with all due respect for the rather exacting craft which produced them in the first place.
        To be continued next time.

Sincerely, Your president, David W. Wright

Pauline Prideaux presents Evelyn Thomas with a potted plant in honor of her 90th birthday
Left to right Pauline Prideaux, David Topham. Evelyn Thomas, Edith Hoxie June Roy, Evelyn Thomas.

It is with great sadness that one of the more prominent member of the National Society has crossed the bridge. Evelyn passed away on October 31, 2000. Evelyn was a 1929 graduate of Foxboro High School, a 1930 Graduate of Cushing Academy and a 1934 graduate of Brown University. She also worked for many years as statistician at the Foxboro Company, retiring in 1977.
        A long time Girl Scout leader, she had served as co-director of the former Rocky Knoll Girl Scout Day Camp in Foxboro. She was also a parishioner at Bethany Congregational Church.
        Evelyn was a member of many covered bridge organizations throughout the country. However her principle love was the National Society. Evelyn worked tirelessly towards the cause of preserving Covered Bridges. Her and Edward were one of the prime movers pushing for the cause of having a special fund for the preservation of Covered Bridges. Henceforth the Harold Eastman Memorial Find began and today it has been instrumental in aiding many needy bridges.
        After Edward's death The Edward Thomas Memorial Archive Fund was established. Evelyn's name will be added to this fund. This fund is used to preserve covered bridge memorabilia. Foremost is the Collection of Richard Sanders Allen, Oscar Lane, Harold Eastman, Barbara Brainerd, Joseph Conwill and many others. Anyone wishing to contribute in her memory can do so by sending their contribution to David Topham, Treasurer, 45 Village Way No. 50, Rockport, Maine. 04856-3805.

It is not over yet!
The material accumulated by Evelyn and the National Archives were stored in Foxboro, in various locations. The problem was to gather the material and to redistribute the material so that it would do the Society the greatest good for it's preservation.
        On November 28, 2000 Col. Wilbar Hoxie and myself rented a 14 foot U-haul truck and picked up all of the collected material involved. It is now in storage at U-haul here in Manchester, NH. Col. Hoxie was a great help as all of the items were hauled out by Wilbar and myself and the use of a two wheel hand truck
        For those who are not familiar with the Archives, a great amount of material was collected and catalogued by Oscar Lane many years ago. Upon Oscar's passing the material was placed in storage but the building was made of wood and was dangerous. Sometime after Evelyn gathered the material and had it stored in the Foxboro Library. There were 6 book cases and about 180 loose leaf binders.
        The retrieving of this material took the better part of a day just to gather and return to Manchester. When I returned home I parked the truck and waited until the next day to unload. I was thoroughly fatigued by that time. It took me a couple of months to recuperate from this adventure, in fact I am still recuperating.
        The loose leaf binders and the photographs will end up in Rangely, Maine with Joseph Conwill. The Books will be brought to the Archives in Westminster, VT. The Post cards that are for sale to Pauline and Don Prideaux. The Society collection of Post cards will remain with me for the time being.
        What to do with the slides! There are so many slides it is impossible to accurately estimate the number. I would say that there is at least 80 or 90 thousand slides. This is a very wild guess there may be twice this number. Between the Society Archive slides (14 metal boxes) that are sorted, and 20 boxes of Evelyn's own collection all ready sorted would make the total here alone about 34 thousand. If anyone in the society has a good idea as how to handle the slides, I would greatly like to hear from them.
        I have been sorting out much of the material that Evelyn had in her apartment and her spare room at the Doolittle Home, and as I stated before It is not over yet.

Why was it done?
It had to be done! Evelyn was a friend to many people and she was a friend to all who had anything to do with covered bridges. I believe we have the biggest collection of original negatives and photographs of covered bridges anywhere in the United States. This tradition must keep going. We were very fortunate to have Evelyn beef up the money in the Archive Fund. This money is gaining interest every year. Hopefully someday the society will be able to supply copies to interested parties. Each and every original is being preserved in archival material for its preservation.

File Cleaning -- PENNSYLVANIA
Bloomsburg From the Daily Sun October 27, 2000 - Grant awarded to study repairs for covered bridge. The federal Highway Administration is awarding a $100,000 grant to study repairs and improvements to the Patterson Covered Bridge [38-19-26] in Columbia County. Preliminary engineering is needed because formal design studies have not been done for the bridge.
        The proposed project includes painting; repair or replacement of truss members, timber deck and timber members; modification of bridge portal; abutment repairs and backfilling of a scour hole; and installation of a "headache bars" and timber curbing to protect the trusses from damage from vehicles.
        WEARING OF THE GREEN - The Sam Wagner covered bridge (38-47-01*49-11) over Chillisquaque Creek, east of Potts Grove, has been decorated for the Holidays with a wreath made of hemlock branches from the William Bitner Jr. Farm, gathered by his son Frederick. Richard Donovan and Linda Geyer made the wreath at Mary Clewell's home. It was hung by the Potts Grove Fire Company truck.
        From the Patriot-News December 5, 2000 Sent in by Richard Donovan. - Fire severely damaged Dauphine County's only surviving covered bridge late Sunday and state police are investigating whether it was arson. - Flames were leaping from the Henniger Farm Bridge [38-22-11] in Washington Township. The blaze damaged one or two of the bridge's main beams and about half of one side. It's a nice covered bridge - the only one in Dauphine County, so you can be proud of that." Said Tom Welker, of the Reliance Hose Company. "The bridge was "pretty severely damaged" Welker said, but he believes "it could be repaired."
        From The Tribune Review, Dec. 12, 2000. Sent in by Richard Donovan. Bells Mill Bridge [38-65-01] in Westmoreland County was damaged between December 9 and 11, 2000. This is the only covered bridge located on a public road in Westmoreland County. The damage will be repaired. Repairs also will be made next year to a damaged concrete and wooden support located at one of the entrances to the bridge. Those damages appear to be the result of an accident.
        From the Sentinel Reporter Nov 29, 2000, sent in by Richard Donovan. Perry County officials are accepting bids for the repair of 13 bridges. Bids sought for 8 covered spans and five others. Among the projects is repair of vandalism of Rice's Bridge (38-50-10) over Shermans Creek near Landisburg. Other covered bridges set for repair are; Fleisher's(38-50-17), Dellville (38-50-16),Wagoner's (38-50-15), Kochendefer (38-50-09), Enslow (38-50-14), Mount Pleasant (38-50-12), New Germantown (38-50-11). The article features a photo of the Dellville Bridge.
        WEST VIRGINIA - From Jacqueline Styles - The Hems Mill Bridge (48-13-01) near Lewisburg was dismantled and the stonework being repaired/replaced. The Gentleman who we met was personally involved, mentioned that it would probably be back in place in six months, said Mrs. Styles. See photo of Hokes Mill Bridge next page.
        NEW HAMPSHIRE From Christine Ellsworth - Foster's Citizen, Oct 29, 2000 - The Cilleyville Bog Bridge (29-07-01) is now stable but it needs plenty of work. The town of Andover established the Cilleyville-Bog Bridge Restoration Fund in 1998. The goal is to raise $150,000 to restore the bridge and to create an endowment for its future use. The article also speaks of several other covered bridges in the area.
        From David Topham - Swanzey, NH. - Historic covered bridge on road to repair. After seven years of fund-raising the selectman of Swanzey have awarded the contract for the rebuilding of the Slate Bridge to Wright Construction of Mount Holly, Vermont. The original bridge was built in 1862 for $1,850. The new bridge will cost $836,000. A temporary steel bridge is in use.
        From Christine Ellsworth - Laconia paper -Covered Bridge Damaged In Mishap - Swanzey - A historic Bridge was damaged in a weekend crash. The town's road agent said the damage to Carleton was so extensive that they had to close it. Police said that a Swanzey man was towing a large piece of tree digging equipment that hit the bridge supports.
        GEORGIA From Al Cummings - Athens Daily News Dec. 20,2000 - A tradition 28 years ago by Al Cummings with the Christmas lighting of the Elder's Mill Covered Bridge (10-108-01) in Farmington, Oconee County Georgia. It is a single span 75 foot Town Lattice design bridge. However the article says "that either the bridge is getting higher or I'm getting older. Take your choice" referring to Al Cummings. Cindy Grady decorated the bridge last year and is doing it again this year. It shows a large photo of the Elder's Mill Covered Bridge fully lighted for the holiday. Good Job Al

This is what Hokes Mill Bridge Greenbrier, County West Virginia (48-13-02) looked like on October 23, 2000. taken by Mrs. Jaqueline Styles of New York State. Mrs. Styles husband stated "I do not think that it will make many more winters" See related story in File Cleaning.

N.S.P.C.B. Safari 2000, Ashtabula County, Ohio
        Forty-one people and friends from 13 States met at the Comfort Inn in Austinburg, Ohio Friday, September 8~' for a Safari led by Minnie and Bill Galler to see the 16 covered bridges in Ashtabula County.
        Friday evening, after getting instructions for departure Saturday, we were entertained by George Eysenbach showing his slides of the Columbia-Montour Safari last year.
        Betty Morrison, Executive Director of the Ashtabula County Covered Bridge Festival, rode in car #1 with the Gallers where she not only kept us on track but also with her bubbly personality gave us many stories of the bridges.
        Our first stop on Saturday was not at a bridge but at the site where Ashtabula County Engineer, John Smolen plans to build a covered bridge 90 ft. above the Ashtabula River. It will be 600 ft. long making it the longest CB in the U. S. It is planned to be completed in 2003. It was an awesome (site) sight.
        Because I hadn't been to Ashtabula County since 1970, I was pleased to see 8 of the bridges in great condition having been repaired, restored, supports and arches added where needed. These were OLIN/DEWEY (04-03), CREEK RD. (04-05), ROOT RD, (04-09), BENETKA RD. (04-12), DOYLE RD. (04-16) which the Ashtabula County CB Festival Committee decorates at Christmas, HARPERSFIELD (04-19), RIVERDALE (04-22), & MIDDLE RD. (04-06).
        Four CB's which we had driven through in 1970 were now bypassed; GRAHAM RD. (04-13) which is now on land with steps leading up into it. While we were there a car drove up and a bride and her friends got out to decorate the bridge for her wedding which was to be at four o'clock (we were there at three); SOUTH DENMARK RD. (04-14) now bypassed but still possible to drive through although it is beside the main road; MECHANICSVILLE (04-18) now closed but the next CB scheduled for restoration by Mr. Smolen, and WARNER HOLLOW/WINDSOR MILLS (04-25) the final CB on Mr. Smolen's to-do list.
        We sometime saw little bonus sights like an Amish buggy, a beautiful field of sunflowers, and miniature horses at a farm which raises them.
        Then came the four new bridges built under the direction of Ashtabula County Engineer, John Smolen according to his designs. These were STATE ROAD (04-58) a Town Truss built in 1983; CAINE RD. (04-61) a Pratt Truss built over the West Branch of the Ashtabula River to replace a steel bridge. When Joan Topham, being the last car in line, parked the car looked out and there not far enough away was a huge hornets nest in a tree near the car. Joan moved us to the other side of the road. The bridge was built in 1986 in honor of Ashtabula County's 175th birthday. Now we come to the newest, the NETCHER (04-63) (1 kept saying "nectar" but I finally got it right) dedicated August 29, 1999. It was designed by John Smolen. It is called an inverted Haupt Truss. It has cupolas at each end and is painted red with white trim, a truly unique covered bridge with a huge arch. The other new one is GIDDINGS RD. (04-62) a Pratt truss, painted white, dedicated in 1995.
        Saturday after seeing 12 bridges, we returned to our motel early enough to get some rest before our 7:00 p.m. banquet. We were joined by several members and officers of the Northern Ohio Covered Bridge Society and the man responsible for the new bridges and restoration of the old ones, Ashtabula County Engineer, John Smolen who was our speaker for the evening. His was a very interesting talk and a fitting climax for our first day of bridging.

If you want a copy of the 2000 Safari group photo, shown above, write to Gordon Trabue, 710 Whitney Ave., Louisville KY. 40215 Phone 502-368-0701. The cost of the 5 g 7 color photo is $5.00 ea.

On Sunday we passed a sign on a house in Windsor which read "John Hanson, first President of the U.S. -check it out". Just for fun, do it! Another sight we saw was the beautiful estate of Don King (the boxing promoter). It is enclosed in what seems like miles of white fencing and has greenery sculpted into various animal shapes.
        Having seen the remaining 4 Ashtabula County bridges, we went back to our motel for lunch after which we said our good-byes to those who were staying Sunday night as we were leaving. I understand that evening they were treated to a slide show by Henry Gurley.
        I was fortunate to ride with David and Joan Topham. Since we arrived on Wednesday, we went up to Lake Erie on Thursday where we saw lighthouses and saw the `lifting bridge" at Ashtabula do its thing to allow a sailboat to go through. We had lunch at the Covered Bridge Pizza Parlor which was made from half of the FORMAN/EAGLEVILLE CB (04-17) which was sold to the highest bidder for $5 and made into two pizza parlors one in 1975, one in 1977.
        The Gallers should be very satisfied at the success of the first safari they have led. The repeaters and the first-timers all seemed to get along well and had a nice time. I know I did, thanks to the Tophams, a great group of CB'ers, and the friends from the No. Ohio CB Society.
        Christine Elsworth

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Joe Nelson, P.O Box 267, Jericho, VT 05465-0267, jcnelson@together.net
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This file posted March 18, 2001